The form of mechanical processing varies depending on the requirements of different material workpieces and products. The traditional mechanical processing methods are commonly heard as turning, pliers, washing, planing, and grinding. With the development of mechanical technology, electroplating, wire cutting, casting, forging, and powder processing have also emerged in the field of mechanical processing.

 

So what are the forms of mechanical processing?

 

1. Turning

Turning is mainly due to the rotation of the workpiece, which is cut into the required shape by the turning tool. When the tool moves along the parallel rotation axis, it can obtain the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces. The formation of a conical surface is the movement of the tool along a diagonal line that intersects with the axis. The formation of a rotating surface is achieved on a copying lathe or CNC lathe, where the tool is controlled to feed along a curve. Another type of production for rotating surfaces is to use formed turning tools with lateral feed. In addition, machining of threaded surfaces, end planes, and eccentric shafts can also be done through turning.

 

2. Milling

Milling mainly relies on the rotation of cutting tools. Milling is divided into horizontal milling and vertical milling, and the plane of horizontal milling is formed by the edge on the outer circular surface of the milling cutter. End milling is formed by the end face edge of the milling cutter. To achieve higher cutting speed and increase productivity, the speed of the milling cutter can be increased. However, due to the impact caused by the cutting in and out of the milling cutter teeth, the cutting process is prone to vibration, which limits the improvement of surface quality.

 

3. Planing

Plaing mainly involves the tool performing reciprocating linear motion to cut the workpiece. Therefore, the speed of planing is relatively low, resulting in lower productivity. However, the accuracy and surface roughness of planing are more stable than those of milling.

 

4. Grinding

Grinding mainly relies on grinding wheels and tools to process the workpiece, relying on the rotation of the grinding wheel. When grinding with a grinding wheel, the main functions of the abrasive particles on the wheel are cutting, engraving, and sliding on the surface of the workpiece. The abrasive particles themselves gradually become dull from sharpness, causing a decrease in cutting effectiveness and an increase in cutting force. Therefore, after grinding for a certain period of time, it is necessary to use diamond turning tools or other tools to trim the grinding wheel.

 

5. Tooth surface machining

Tooth surface machining is a new machining method, which can be divided into two categories: forming method and generating method. The forming method mainly uses ordinary milling machines for processing, and the cutting tool is a forming milling cutter, which requires two simple forming movements of the cutting tool: rotational motion and linear movement. The commonly used machine tools for generating tooth surfaces are hobbing machines, slotting machines, etc.



6. Complex surface machining

For the processing of complex surfaces, CNC machine tools come in handy. The cutting process of three-dimensional surfaces mainly adopts the methods of profile milling and CNC milling or special machining. Prototype milling must have a prototype as a reference. During processing, the ball shaped imitation head is constantly in contact with the prototype surface under a certain pressure. The motion of the profiling head is transformed into inductance, and the machining amplification controls the motion of the three axes of the milling machine, forming a trajectory of the tool head moving along the surface. Milling cutters often use ball end milling cutters with the same radius as the copying head. The emergence of CNC technology has provided more effective methods for surface machining.

 

7. Special processing

Special machining is a mechanical processing method that differs from traditional cutting. Special machining can use physical (electrical, acoustic, optical, thermal, magnetic), chemical, or electrochemical methods to process the workpiece material, making the workpiece into the shape we need.



When selecting mechanical processing methods, it is necessary to consider multiple aspects and choose appropriate methods, so as to ensure the accuracy and quality of the produced products.